This action program aims to improve the status of the European catfish (Siluris glanis) in Sweden. It is an indicative, but not legally binding, action program.
The European catfish migrated to Swedish lake and river environments during the Ancylus lake period, an era when the temperature was higher than today. The species is the largest freshwater fish in Sweden with a record measuring 3.6 meters standard length and an estimated weight of about 180 kg. It is considered to be nocturnal and an opportunistic predator eating both fish and other freshwater organisms, such as amphibians, birds, crayfishes, insects, worms and molluscs. The species require relatively high water temperatures to spawn, which means it is not reproducing every year in Swedish waters.
The European catfish is listed as Vulnerable (VU) on the Swedish red list. Four natural populations exist, all located in the southeast of Sweden, in the water systems Nyköpingsån (lake Båven), Emån, the upper part of Helge å and the lower part of Helge å. Additional records are known from a few other lakes, all results of illegal releases.
The main reason for the decline is destruction of suitable habitat, such as large lowland rivers with a natural river environment. These habitats have been severely affected by human interference from the 19th century onwards, such as drainage of wetlands, water regulation, diversion of water, and physical impact on shore and bottom habitats.
Genetic studies show that the populations in Sweden are genetically unique, but have low genetic variation indicating that the number of spawning individual is low, possibly due to lack of suitable spawning habitats. The European catfish is protected from fishing in Sweden. Other important measures is to make suitable habitats available by review and adjustments of legislation and water regulations in force. Also to improve the biotopes, for example promote the access to suitable spawning habitats and experiments with artificial nests. In addition, there is a great focus on an improved knowledge base and dissemination of information.
The cost for the conservation measures, to be funded from Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management allocation for action plans is estimated at 580 000 € during the period 2017-2021.